Reactor 

Reactor is a kind of closed container widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, food, material science and other fields for chemical reaction, mixing, heating, cooling and many other operations. The following is the detailed product introduction of the reactor: 

I. Working Principle 

The main function of the reactor is to provide a controlled environment for the chemical reaction, through heating, stirring, cooling and other means, to promote the reactants in specific conditions of the chemical reaction. Its working principle includes the following aspects:

1. heating: through electric heating, steam heating, heat-conducting oil heating, etc., the materials in the reactor are heated to the required reaction temperature.

2. stirring: through mechanical stirrer (such as anchor type, paddle type, turbine type, etc.) to make the materials mixed evenly and improve the reaction efficiency.

3. cooling: through jacket cooling, coil cooling, etc., to control the reaction temperature and prevent the reaction from overheating.

4. pressure control: through the sealing system and pressure release device to ensure that the reaction is carried out within the set pressure range.

II Structure Composition 

Reactor usually consists of the following parts:

1. kettle: the main part of the kettle, usually cylindrical or oval, used to hold the reaction material.

2. stirring device: including stirrer, stirring shaft, sealing device, etc., used for mixing materials.

3. heating/cooling system: jacket, coil or electric heater, used to provide heat or take away heat.

4. sealing device: mechanical seal or packing seal to prevent material leakage.

5. inlet and outlet: for adding and discharging materials.

6. measuring and controlling system: temperature sensor, pressure gauge, liquid level meter, etc., used to monitor the reaction process.

7. transmission device: motor, reducer, etc., used to drive the stirrer.

III Classification 

Reactor can be divided into many types according to different classification standards: 

1. Classification according to material

- Stainless steel reactor: strong corrosion resistance, suitable for acid and alkali and other corrosive media.

- Carbon steel reactor: lower cost, suitable for normal or medium temperature of ordinary media.

- Glass reactor: transparent, easy to observe the reaction process, suitable for laboratory.

- Glass lined kettle: lined with glass, corrosion resistance, suitable for strong acid and alkali environment.

- Alloy reactor: such as titanium alloy, nickel-based alloy, etc., suitable for high temperature, high pressure or strong corrosive environment.

2. Classification according to operating pressure

- Normal pressure reactor: no pressure or slight positive pressure operation.

- High-pressure reactor: higher operating pressure, usually used for high-pressure reaction.

3. Classification according to stirring method

- Mechanical stirring reactor: stirred by mechanical stirrer.

- Magnetic Stirring Kettle: Stirring by magnetic drive stirrer, suitable for the occasions with high sealing requirements.

4. Classified according to heating method

- Electrically heated reactor: heated by electric heater.

- Steam heating kettle: Heated by steam jacket.

- Thermal oil heating kettle: Heated by thermal oil circulation.

IV Product Characteristics

1. High-efficiency mixing: stirrer design variety, according to the characteristics of the material to choose the appropriate mixing method, to ensure that the material is mixed evenly.

2. precise control: equipped with temperature, pressure, liquid level and other measurement and control system, can realize precise control.

3. safe and reliable: equipped with pressure release device and sealing system to ensure safe operation.

4. strong corrosion resistance: according to the material characteristics of the selection of suitable materials, can withstand a variety of corrosive media.

5. wide range of application: it can be used in a variety of chemical reactions, including addition, polymerization, esterification, hydrolysis and so on.

V. Main Functions and Applications 

The main function of the reactor is to provide a controlled environment for the chemical reaction, and its specific applications include:

1. chemical synthesis: for the synthesis reaction of organic and inorganic substances.

2. polymerization reaction: for the synthesis of polymer materials.

3. esterification reaction: for the synthesis of ester compounds.

4. hydrolysis reaction: used for decomposition of compounds. 

5. pharmaceutical industry: for the synthesis of drug intermediates. 

6. food industry: for the production of food additives.

7. material science: for synthesizing new materials.

VI Technical Parameters 

Technical parameters of the reactor vary according to the model and use, common parameters include:

- Volume: from a few liters to several hundred cubic meters.

- Working pressure: from atmospheric pressure to tens of MPa.

- Operating temperature: from low to high temperature (e.g. -100℃ to 300℃).

- Stirring speed: adjusted according to the reaction demand.

- Heating power: according to the size of the reactor and the heating method.

VII. Selection and Design

1. material characteristics: according to the corrosiveness of the material, viscosity, reaction temperature and so on to choose the appropriate material and stirring method.

2. reaction conditions: according to the reaction temperature, pressure, stirring intensity, etc. to choose the appropriate type of reactor.

3. safety requirements: Ensure that the sealing and pressure release device of the reactor meets the safety standards.

4. cost and maintenance: comprehensive consideration of equipment costs, operating costs and maintenance costs, choose cost-effective reactor.

In short, the reactor is an indispensable key equipment in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, and its design and selection should be optimized according to specific process requirements to ensure efficient and safe operation.

Storage Tank 

Storage tank is a kind of airtight container for storing liquid or gas, which is widely used in many industries, such as petrochemical, energy, food, pharmaceutical, environmental protection and so on. The following is the detailed product introduction of the storage tank: 

I. Working Principle 

The main function of the storage tank is to store liquid or gas materials safely and efficiently. Its working principle includes:

1. storage: through the closed tank structure, the liquid or gas materials are stored safely.

2. Pressure control: through breathing valve, safety valve and other devices, the pressure inside the tank is regulated to prevent overpressure or negative pressure.

3. temperature control: control the temperature of the material inside the tank by means of jacket, coil or external thermal insulation material.

4. liquid level monitoring: real-time monitoring of the liquid level height of the material inside the tank through liquid level meter to ensure accurate storage volume.

II Structure Composition 

Storage tank structure usually includes the following parts:

1. tank: the main part of the tank, used to hold the material. Common shapes include vertical cylindrical, horizontal cylindrical, spherical, etc. 

2. head: the sealing parts located at the top and bottom of the tank, usually oval or spherical head.

3. support: used to support the tank, common saddle (horizontal tank) and conical support (vertical tank).

4. inlet and outlet pipe: used for material inlet and outlet, usually equipped with flange connection.

5. manholes or handholes: for personnel to enter the tank for maintenance or cleaning.

6. safety accessories: including breathing valve, safety valve, liquid level meter, pressure gauge, etc., used to ensure the safe operation of the tank.

7. insulation layer (optional): used to prevent heat dissipation or absorption, applicable to materials requiring temperature control.

8. anti-corrosion coating (optional): used to prevent the tank from corrosion and prolong its service life.

III Classification 

Storage tanks can be classified according to different criteria: 

1. Classification according to shape

- Vertical tanks: the tank is placed vertically, suitable for occasions with large floor space.

- Horizontal tanks: tanks placed horizontally, easy to transport and installation.

- Spherical tanks: spherical structure, uniform force, suitable for storing high-pressure gases.

2. Classification by use of classification

- Liquid storage tanks: used to store liquid materials, such as water, oil, acid and alkali solutions.

- Gas storage tanks: used for storing gas materials, such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas.

- Chemical storage tanks: used to store chemical reagents or hazardous chemicals.

- Food storage tanks: used for storing food or beverage, such as milk, juice, etc. 

3. Classification according to pressure

- Atmospheric pressure storage tanks: no pressure or slightly positive pressure operation.

- Low-pressure tanks: low operating pressure, usually less than 0.1MPa.

- High-pressure tanks: higher operating pressure, usually used for storing high-pressure gases.

IV Product Characteristics

1. safe and reliable: equipped with breathing valve, safety valve and other safety accessories to ensure safe operation under various working conditions.

2. strong corrosion resistance: choose suitable material according to the storage medium, which can withstand various corrosive media.

3. good sealing: adopting high quality sealing materials and sealing structure to prevent material leakage.

4. stable structure: spherical storage tanks and vertical storage tanks have uniform force and stable structure.

5. customized design: volume, shape, material and accessories can be customized according to user requirements.

6. convenient maintenance: equipped with manholes or handholes for easy internal maintenance and cleaning.

V. Functions and Applications

The main function of storage tanks is to store liquid or gaseous materials, and its specific applications include:

1. petrochemical industry: used for storing crude oil, refined oil, liquefied petroleum gas, etc.

2. energy industry: for the storage of natural gas, hydrogen, etc.

3. food industry: used to store food raw materials, beverages, etc.

4. Pharmaceutical industry: used to store pharmaceutical raw materials or intermediates.

5. environmental protection industry: for storing liquid or gas after waste water and waste gas treatment.

6. industrial production: used for storing various chemicals, solvents, etc.

VI. Technical Parameters 

The technical parameters of storage tanks vary according to models and applications, and common parameters include:

- Volume: ranging from a few liters to thousands of cubic meters.

- Working pressure: from atmospheric pressure to tens of MPa.

- Operating temperature: from low temperature (e.g. -196℃ liquid nitrogen storage tank) to high temperature (e.g. high temperature oil storage tank).

- Material: carbon steel, stainless steel, fiberglass, plastic, etc.

- Accessories: breathing valve, safety valve, liquid level meter, pressure gauge, etc.

VII. Selection and design points

1. storage medium: according to the nature of the storage medium (such as corrosion, toxicity, viscosity, etc.) to choose the appropriate material and anti-corrosion measures.

2. operating conditions: according to the working temperature of the storage medium, pressure, etc. Select the appropriate type of tank. 3.

3. safety requirements: to ensure that the sealing of the tank and safety accessories in line with the relevant standards.

Product Case